Elementary And Secondary Education Act Of 2001 - 1735 Words

By: Patrice Murphy English 122 Instructor: Stephen Rogers 8/18/2014 The current version of the â€Å"Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001† is â€Å"The NO Child Left Behind Act of 2001†. Which supports â€Å"standard-base† education reform, each state is responsible for developing assessments in basic skills and standards. The Federal Government’s plays a part over seeing in annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes. This law was originally apart of the Johnson administration’s war on poverty campaign to improve educational equity for students form lower income families. This law has been revised seven time most recently in January of 2002. Schools who fail to make adequate yearly progress for two years in a row the school is flagged for a â€Å"school improvement plan†. Has to devote at least 10 % of its federal funding to teacher’s professional development, then if the school still does not show improvement within three years correct ive action is taken and the school must interventions to improve school performance from a list of legislations. If improvements are not made for a fourth year are supposed to be restructured with more rigorous interventions. If the school still fails to make yearly progress in the fifth year there is actions taken such as reconstruction faculty, leadership and governance arrangements by converting to a charter school, or converting to a privately management company. TheShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of The No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1613 Words   |  7 PagesChild Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The NCLB Act of 2001 was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (www.newamerica.org). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a Great Society program that allocated federal funds for education and looked to hold schools accountable (www2.ed.gov). The NCLB Act of 2001 was passed through Congress in 2001 with bipartisan sup port and greatly increased the Federal Government’s role in the education system and almostRead MoreThe Brown V. Board Of Education855 Words   |  4 PagesThis was a significant victory because it implied that parents had a voice in regards to the education their children were to receive. Brown v. Board of Education 1954 The Brown v. Board of Education of 1954 is known for desegregating public schools in the U.S. In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled â€Å"in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal had no place† (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954). It was the 1st major educational policy. The Court’s decision in Brown createdRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesChild Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002, is a comprehensive overhaul of the federal governments requirements of state and local education systems (www.nclb.gov). It reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and replaces the 1994 Improving Americas Schools Act. 2. General Background Information President Bush has made education his number one domestic priority (www.ed.gov). On January 23, 2001 he sent his NCLB planRead MoreNo Child Left Behind1538 Words   |  7 PagesWe all have heard the key to success is education. However, in the United States, that key to success is far fetched. America as a whole needs many improvements. While America will never be a perfect society as I dream, America needs to take a step forward to improving the country for all. A better education system will be a step toward improving the United States. The education system in America continues to fail our children and falls behind compared to other countries. Children today are tomorrow’sRead MoreThe Decline of The U.S. Education System Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesEducation in the United States has long been a concerned issue for teachers, parents, and communities. It is a major political topic, in which government has shown continuous efforts to compare and evaluate standards from state to state by creating and monitoring various programs for overall academic improvement across the country. Proper education has now become a moral necessity in order for individuals and societies to grow and succeed. Some of the major issues in the U.S. educational systemRead MoreThe Elementary And Secondary Education Act And The No Child Left Behind Act1335 Words   |  6 PagesEvery Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was enacted into law on December 10, 2015 by former President Barack Obama. This law replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 that President George W. Bush passed into law during his presidency. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) replaced the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which was passed by Lyndon Johnson. The ESSA â€Å"reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstandingRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 20011403 Words   |  6 Pagesinteresting topics in this Political Science 2 class session of the Fall 2016 semester. A few that stood out to me, personally, were the topics of laissez-faire economics, separate-but-equal issues, and the viewpoints of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. From the tenth edition of the course book We the People, Texas Ed. by Benjamin Ginsberg and Unit 2 of the lecture; a policy developed by the efforts of the late philosopher and economist, Adam Smith, laissez-faire economics essentially means thatRead MoreEducation Industry Laws and Regulations941 Words   |  4 PagesThe education industry has many laws and regulations that protects the teachers and students. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was established in 2004. This is a federal law that governs how public agencies and states serve children with disabilities from birth to age 21. This act consists of different parts and the second part addresses the education of school age children with disabilities. This is to ensure that every child with a disability has a free public education availableRead MoreHas the No Child Left Behind Act o f 2001 Been Successful?959 Words   |  4 PagesIn every school in the United States has students that fall behind in classes or don’t get proper education for them to be taught effectively. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created to push students of all grade levels to keep up in their classes, homework and grades so they could become an idol citizen to society. Even though this act is supposed to keep students on the same page as others, research shows that isn’t the case; that students Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) test scores areRead MoreWhy Foreign Language Should Be a Core Subject in Public Elementary School1439 Words   |  6 PagesSubject in Public Elementary School The benefits of learning a foreign language go beyond learning a different culture or being able to communicate with people of different backgrounds. It is essential that Americans speak languages other than English in order to compete internationally, keep the country safe, and prepare children to be world citizens. Several language organizations, educators, and policy makers have recommended the introduction of a second language at the elementary school level as

Obesity as a Social Issue Through the Advancement of...

The prevailing conception of obesity is one that holds the individual, and by extent their personal experiences and actions, accountable for their current state. However, this perspective is full of ideology and cultural beliefs, thus, we fail to recognise obesity as a social construct. Alterations in personal milieu can be said to be a product of cultural transformation and the entwinement of institutions. Therefore, to distinguish obesity as a social issue rather than a personal trouble, it is important to identify cultural trends, and the political and economic institutions that transcend the individual. Australia, being a well-developed country, has been subjected to the productive and destructive outcomes of globalisation and†¦show more content†¦Patterson and Johnston (2012) describe the political-economic attitude to food production as an all-consuming quest for corporate control and surplus maximisation (Patterson, 2012). As a result, the global food economy often comes at the detriment of public health, of which obesity is quickly gaining rank. Through the use of technology, advertising presents a contradictory call-to-action by promoting the need to go out and purchase fast-food yet necessitating a sedentary lifestyle (Hillier, 2008). From a Marxist point of view, this unprecedented access to technology is essential for capital development. However, Patterson et al. (2012) believes that the media draws on scientific prompts from the medical society and filters and reconstructs these to reach their own idealistic goals (Patterson, 2012). They suggest that rates of obe sity are altered because the individual is seen as both a channel for maximising food consumption and a facilitator of the health and beauty industry, creating a link to neo-liberalism (Patterson, 2012). This highlights obesity as a social issue as they ‘often involve what Marxists call ‘contradictions’ (Mills, 2010:7). The views of Patterson et al. are further supported by the work of Hillier (2008) on Childhood obesity in the USA. Although not specific to Australia, the social structures resonate within most developed countries. With focus on childhoodShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Social Changes1225 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change Veronica Garcia February 22,2016 SOC/100 Lynn Ma Technology and Social Change Technology is the scientific knowledge of making tools in order t solve problems that are very specific. Automobiles, airplanes, cell phones, computers and the radio are examples of technological advances. These advancements have helped revolutionize the way people interact, meet, and conduct business. The increase of technology provides an influx of storage and retrieval, andRead MoreNutrition Labeling And Education Act962 Words   |  4 PagesThe rising rates of obesity in the 1990s were stimulated by the transformation of the American lifestyle caused by new policies, technological advancements, and changes in activity levels. When President George H. W. Bush signed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) in November 1990, it gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to require nutrition labeling on most foods. The nutritional data this law requires is beneficial for most Americans, but uneducated individuals whoRead MoreEffects of Technology Essay1265 Wor ds   |  6 PagesEnglish 091-040 4 December 2012 Effects of Technology in our world I. Introduction: State your plan for the Introduction paragraph * Changes in technology over the years * Why we depend on technology so much * How much we rely on technology Thesis statement: In today’s world, as technology is advancing around us, some of the major effects that can be seen are medical technology advances, ease of communication with the growing technology, and the negative effects on our body. IIRead MoreFat Tax for Australia: Obesity Epidemic1723 Words   |  7 Pages Fat Tax for Australia Introduction There is what has been referred to as obesity epidemic in Australia today. This trend affects everyone it the society; whether it be directly or indirectly. One particular concern within the at risk segment is children. The young in our society do not have the capacity, either mentally or the physical resources, to make their own informed decisions about their dietary consumption. Children are generally dependent upon their parents or institutions toRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Our Lives1544 Words   |  6 Pagesin society. Although many will use modern technology for many of its achievements and advancements, what many dont realize is that it has affected and continues to affect society in a negative way. Today more people are working longer hours and utilizing more technology in their everyday life. As a result of these longer hours and increased use of technology, more energy is being consumed which negatively impacts the environment. Much of the technology is created to make daily task more efficientRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turkle s Alone Together1461 Words   |  6 Pagesmind, both authors seemingly mesh the principle that the advancement of technology has had a disappointing impact on social skills. The growing amount of ways in which humans communicate has created a complexity for choosing the correct method to build prosperous relationships. Technology has alienated humans from face to face interactions by weakening the ability to emphasize, commit, and form â€Å"real† friendships (Turkle 266). Technology has an uncanny ability to either unite people from unimaginedRead MoreThe Impact Of Medical Technology On Healthcare878 Words   |  4 PagesMedical technology encompasses a wide range of healthcare products and is used to diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases or medical conditions that affect humans. This may included but not limited too, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical equipment. Such technologies are intended to improve the quality of healthcare delivered through earlier diagnosis, less invasive treatment options and reductions in hospital stays and rehabilitation times. Recent advances in medical technology have also focusedRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology919 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has drastically changed over generations. With every advancement in technology the comfortability of every day living has improved. The development of technology began with human kind using natural resources to make simple tools. Tools help to minimize the time and effort of tasks that need to be performed. Current society relies heavily on the technology it has produced. The average American wakes up to a warm shower, a hot meal, a vehicle for transportation, and some type of equipmentRead MoreCvs Sets High Standards For Csr Policies944 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategic priorities and goals, and aligned with the CSR material issues we identified in 2013, a process that was informed by internal and external stakeholders† (CVS Health). One of the factors, which are also included in our CVS ´s mission statement, is to make healthcare accessible and affordable. The market reach of CVS is expanding through a globalized environment. The second of these three pillars of CVS ´s corporate social responsibility takes the environmental awareness into account. A reductionRead MoreThe Global Athletic Footwear Market Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagespotential of market by measuring the political, economical, social and technical factors in a given country. Through this evaluation, the firm is able to determine which markets are more attractive and thus which markets hold the greatest potential for the firm to be successful. Due to the fact that these factors are external, the firm has no power over them and the only decisions the firm can make is to choose which political, economic, social and technological environment is suitable for it. Political

Romeo and Juliet Act 2 Scene 2 Analysis Free Essays

Romeo replies to Juliet’s speech by agreeing to disown his name â€Å"Henceforth, I never will be Romeo†. Shakespeare implies the danger that the lovers are in when Juliet points out â€Å"the place death, considering who thou art†. This creates tension for the audience, and demonstrates Juliet’s concern for Romeo’s safety – â€Å"If they do see thee, they will murder thee. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Act 2 Scene 2 Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Romeo speaks metaphorically when he says â€Å"With love’s light wings did I o’erperch these walls†, suggesting there is no boundary to his love. Romeo claims to find the idea of his death preferable to a life without the love of Juliet, â€Å"My life were better ended by their hate than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. † Juliet admits to be blushing â€Å"the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek† and asks, â€Å"Dost thou love me? † She goes on to express concern that she may have been too forward in her soliloquy asking him to forgive her for her foolishness â€Å"Therefore pardon me, and not impute this yielding to light love†. Romeo declares his love by â€Å"yonder blessed moon† using celestial references. Juliet responds by refusing to allow Romeo to swear by something so changeable â€Å"O swear not by the moon, th’ inconstant moon†. She fears that it is the way their love will be â€Å"Lest that thy love prove likewise variable†. Juliet encourages him to be genuine and to use a less traditional, more spiritual concept of love, reinforcing the idea that she is taking the relationship seriously. Juliet then tries to say goodnight â€Å"Sweet, good night. This bud of love, by summer’s ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. † She then uses a rhyming couplet, â€Å"as sweet repose and rest come to thy heart as that within my breast. † Romeo expresses his wish to prolong their time together â€Å"O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? † but they part as Juliet’s nurse calls her and they agree to meet again. â€Å"Stay but a little. I will come again† as they make a commitment to each other. Juliet, going against stereotype, suggests that they should marry, â€Å"If that thy bent of love be honorable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow†. This is very bold and, rather than taking her time as she suggests earlier in the scene, this is because she has realized Romeo has matured and is taking their relationship seriously. Juliet’s promise to Romeo to â€Å"follow thee, my lord, throughout the world† is full of dramatic irony and foreshadows the final scene of the play, when Juliet follows Romeo into death. The nurse calls for Juliet again who uses hyperbole â€Å"A thousand times good night! † which indicates that neither wants to leave and reinforces the message that their meeting must reach a conclusion for now. Juliet says, â€Å"Bondage is hoarse, and may not speak aloud†. This is referring to the fact that the lovers must keep their love quiet and away from the family feud. Later, Juliet uses further hyperbole â€Å"’Tis twenty years till then† implying that it will seem a lifetime until they next meet. At the end of the scene, Juliet says one of her most famous lines â€Å"Parting is such sweet sorrow†. This is a very well known oxymoron and demonstrates that she cannot bear to leave Romeo. The scene ends on several rhyming couplets. In conclusion, this scene demonstrates Romeo and Juliet’s attraction to each other and their desire never to be parted. I feel it is very moving, and poetic albeit surreal that a maiden could be so frank in those times and that a couple could achieve such a depth of love in such a short space of time particularly against such a divide. It also sets the scene for the final tragic sequence ahead. How to cite Romeo and Juliet Act 2 Scene 2 Analysis, Essay examples

Symbol Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Symbol Essay, Research Paper # 65279 ; Human existences exist and interact in a world which they define themselves. Inside of this world they make usage of societal objects, that is, anything used between to histrions in societal state of affairss that have significance and map in that societal environment ( Charon 46 ) . Many societal objects are used to stand for something else and are interpreted to convey more significance. These societal objects are known as symbols and it is the nucleus of the symbolic interactionist position. Simply defined, a symbol is something that stands for something else. In Sociology, a symbol is classified as a societal object that the members of a society have agreed represents a construct, an object, or an ideal that is non present. They are used to pass on, express purposes, represent objects and groups and specify the world that surrounds us ( Charon 46-48 ) . They can be separated into the classs of referential, expressive, and assorted symbols which can be interrupted as both of the old mentioned types. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbol Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Referential symbols are used to specify and sort parts of world. They can be used to represent an object in its absence. The word pencil is instantly interpreted a shaft of wood with a black lead nucleus used for composing or a mechanical device with the same intent. Now while the pencil itself is merely a societal object with a simple map, the word pencil acts as a symbol in that it represents the physical object. On a larger scale referential symbols are used to stand for full groups. A ruddy star can be used to stand for a political party or doctrine ( Charon 50 ) . Referential symbols can besides be used to sort groups such as gender. Diana Kendall gives the illustration of dressing babies in certain colorss, blue and ruddy for males and pink and yellow for females, to convey instantly pass on the sex of the kid ( Kendall 70 ) . These symbols are used as labels and divisions in society. Expressive symbols are used to pass on and raise responses. They are used substitut Es and looks of emotions. A good illustration of this is simple organic structure linguistic communication, gestures are a symbolic signifier of communicating ( Kendal 50 ) . Looking into person s eyes as he or she speaks is a symbol of your purpose to listen and that you have involvement in what the individual has to state, merely as looking at a ticker or a clock while the individual is talking conveys boredom or disinterest ( Charon 50 ) . If a one state or group of states topographic points a trade trade stoppage onto another, it is symbolic of their disapproval of that state s actions, if a state boycotts the Olympic games it communicates its dissatisfaction with some or all of the other states involved. Symbols such as these represent and communicate purposes and emotions. The 3rd categorization rests mostly on reading. Assorted symbols arise from that fact that some symbols can both stand for something and convey emotion. For illustration a flag can stand for a state every bit good as nationalism ( Kendall 70 ) . The old illustration of utilizing the coloring material of an infant s vesture can besides be used to show a message as to how the kid should be treated, as Kendal puts it a pink frock on a girl conveys I m a miss. Say that I am reasonably, non that I m fine-looking ( Kendal 70 ) . The symbol is an of import, if non cardinal, construct to the symbolic interactionist position because it is how we communicate and interact, how we define our really nature. We do non passively react to our world but create and animate it with the usage of symbols in our societal life, they are our world and are cardinal to what makes us human ( Charon 69 ) . Symbols are the footing of our communicating within our ain societal groups and with others. It is through our apprehension of how we use them that we understand ourselves. Plants Cited Charon, Joel M. Symbolic Interactionism ; An Introduction, An Interpretation, An Integration. 6th erectile dysfunction. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,1998. Kendall, Diana Elizabeth. Sociology in our times. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson, 2000

Confucianism as a Philosophical System Essay Example

Confucianism as a Philosophical System Essay Confucianism is a philosophical system that was developed by Confucius. It mainly focuses on humanism i. e. treating others well. This can be described by Confucian idea Ren which means showing humanity by acting appropriately and benevolently toward others (lecture, Oct 2). It basically means to love others. Confucius defines an ideal person as the one who knows how to act nicely in all situations (Analects, 165). The master said, A young man should be a good son at home and an obedient young man abroad, sparing of speech but trustworthy in what he says, and should love the ultitude at large but cultivate the friendship of his fellow men (Analects, 165). This statement describes what an ideal person has to be like. He has to be true and honest with his relations, and be responsible toward them. The 5 main relationships are between a parent and child, husband and wife, ruler and subject, between siblings, and friend to friend. An ideal person will maintain his relations responsibly. These relationships play an important role in connecting one person to another, and lead to harmony in society. Performing sacred rites and education are also important for Confucius. Once a person becomes a responsible and principled human being, he is called Junzi which means a gentleman or an accomplished person or a scholar (lecture, Oct 2). Confucius emphasized social harmony by stressing more on interpersonal values and proper behavior. Unlike the Chinese legalists that said social harmony can be achieved through strict laws and rewards, and the Mohists that said it could be achieved through love among people, Confucius believed that social harmony can be achieved by emphasizing sacred rites and education because if everyone learns the humanistic values, they can act according to what they learned, nd then make rational decisions. A person needs to learn these values in order to become a gentleman. He also needs to know his place in the family and the society, and perform the required duties to keep a positive relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The recognition of the relation is the key point because that is what will lead to the right behavior toward the relationship. An accomplished person needs to be able to understand the use of language meaning that he needs to know how to use language wisely and correctly. (lecture, Oct 2) The phrase from Confuciuss Analects: The master said, When you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self shows that Confucius believed in learning from others (Analects, 166). He believed in learning the good points from others and if you find something bad in others, you can find that in yourself and correct it to become an accomplished person with moral values and humanity (Analects, 167). Practicing arts and culture (Wen) such as music can also help to bring harmony to thoughts by appreciating those traditions (lecture, Oct 7). These are the processes that a person needs to go over in order to become an ideal person and achieve social harmony. According to Daoism an ideal person has three key ideas: Dao, Wu-Wei, and Ziran. An ideal person is the one who does things according to the way they are naturally done (Dao), acts without agenda (Wu-Wei) by working with the natural processes, and be the own self (Ziran) are similar but the only difference is that in wu-wei there is no action involved, you let things happen by themselves, and in ziran you are actually acting naturally. (lecture, Oct 7) The goal of Daoism is to be in harmony with the nature. To be in harmony with Qi, a balance of Yin and Yang is needed. Qi is the generating force that is in every living thing that connects them to universe. Yin and Yang are the opposite forces of each other that create a rhythm when they interplay, but one cannot exist without the other. So if one has Yin but not Yang, harmony will not be achieved because Qi is not generated. The goal should be to harmonize ones own qi with the qi of universe. And a balance is needed between yin and yang to achieve harmony. Practicing Taichi which is a form of physical exercise is also important for health in Daoism, and it helps to achieve harmony. Philosophers of Daoism such as Laozi and Zhuangzi are the competitors of Confucius, and following their teachings of Daoism can help a person to become an ideal person in terms of Daoism. (lecture, Oct 7) Confucianism and Daoism differ in many subjects. Both use the word Dao, but they have different meanings. Dao in Confucianism means the right way of performing human activity and moral activities that were performed by the people from past, that will help to bring harmony in the society (lecture, Oct. 7). While in Daoism it eans to make way according to the way things are naturally. De in Confucianism means when a person behaves with high moral standards by being truly what he is. While in Daoism it is the power of the things to be themselves when they make a way to the way things are naturally. (lecture, Oct 7) Both have their own sets of values. While Confucianism focuses more on developing moral values, Daoism focuses more on emphasis in naturalness of human being for becoming an ideal person (lecture, Oct 9). In Confucianism an ideal person needs to have a set of principles of what is right and wrong, and then act according to it. Daoism focuses more on acting without any principles and leaves everything on the nature. An ideal person according to Confucianism has a self that is social, and it respects the relations like a relation to parent, or sibling, or a friend, etc, and values social harmony. In Daoism the self of an ideal person is completely natural and is individual, but is in harmony with the nature. (lecture, Oct 9) Gentle man- a scholar Social harmony last paragraph De and Dao- compare and contrast in Junzi Translated as rites, propriety, ritual, or appropriate behavior Holy Rite. Appropriate behavior within the five constant relationships out of which society is built. parent-child husband-wife elder-younger sibling friend-friend Wen- The arts†specifically music, literature, song/poetry, painting† practiced by the chon tzu. The practice of wen brings harmony to thoughts and feelings by appreciating and renewing tradition Li- rites Chun Tzu- a man with highest ethical standards, prince. Ren Cen)- goodness, benevolence 5 realtionships Daoism Chi- Chinese word for vital or generative force that is a matter-energy throughout the universe and within each thing or person. The goal is to harmonize ones own qi with the qi of the universe. Yin and Yang: The Chinese name for two complementary but opposite forces in the the two in any given situation Balancing yin and yang is harmony. Connect it with chi and acupuncture (become an ideal person) wu wei- action through non action. The principle teaches that unnecessary action is usually not productive. Instead, it urges aligning one s inner self in harmony with the Tao, so that energy and activity will flow spontaneously and naturally. (how to become ideal person) The goal of Taoists is to attain harmony with the Tao. This attainment of harmony with the Tao is also seen as living in accord with nature. Taoism is profound in its naturalism. Nature is something that should not be exploited and abused, it should be befriended not conquered. The ideal man in Taoism is one who through the naturalness of his existence became self-sufficient and not dependent upon wealth or social realms. It was this way that true happiness could be found Ziran- self or auto- + being so Daoist term for the Way of Nature to be emulated by the Daoist sage: the spontaneity of acting naturally so that things automatically happen of hemselves. (ideal person) Being in harmony with Ying and yang, has qi, through the practice of Taichi, practicing Taichi brings you to harmony with nature, and thats the goal of Taoism. Question: In her book on Indian philosophy, Sue Hamilton argued that Indian philosophy generally has a soteriological or personally transformative purpose, meaning that philosophy is supposed to make the person a b etter person in some way. Apply that thesis to Chinese philosophy. In what sense do both Confucian and Daoist philosophies try to make people better or more sagely? Compare and contrast Confucianism and Daoism in terms of: (b) the process by which one can become such a person. Note: This is an exam, not a term paper. Therefore, to answer the question requires nothing other than material from assigned readings and lectures. No special research is needed. To cite those materials you can simply use the following system of notation: For articles, Just put authors last name plus page number in parentheses, for example: (Ames, 23) For material from lectures, Just state lecture plus date of the lecture as given on the title pages of the PowerPoint slides, for example (lecture, Aug 1) No need for bibliography at end. Please remember the plagiarism warning given on the syllabus. In submitting your paper, be sure each page is numbered with you name on it and that the pages are stapled together (not paper-clipped). That is the best way to ensure your pages are kept together and you can get full credit. Compare and Contrast De and Dao- compare and contrast in last paragraph Confucianism focuses more on developing moral values, while Daoism focuses more on emphasis on naturalness and spontaneity for becoming an ideal person. (Oct 9) Confucianism as a Philosophical System Essay Example Confucianism as a Philosophical System Essay Confucianism is a philosophical system that was developed by Confucius. It mainly focuses on humanism i. e. treating others well. This can be described by Confucian idea Ren which means showing humanity by acting appropriately and benevolently toward others (lecture, Oct 2). It basically means to love others. Confucius defines an ideal person as the one who knows how to act nicely in all situations (Analects, 165). The master said, A young man should be a good son at home and an obedient young man abroad, sparing of speech but trustworthy in what he says, and should love the ultitude at large but cultivate the friendship of his fellow men (Analects, 165). This statement describes what an ideal person has to be like. He has to be true and honest with his relations, and be responsible toward them. The 5 main relationships are between a parent and child, husband and wife, ruler and subject, between siblings, and friend to friend. An ideal person will maintain his relations responsibly. These relationships play an important role in connecting one person to another, and lead to harmony in society. Performing sacred rites and education are also important for Confucius. Once a person becomes a responsible and principled human being, he is called Junzi which means a gentleman or an accomplished person or a scholar (lecture, Oct 2). Confucius emphasized social harmony by stressing more on interpersonal values and proper behavior. Unlike the Chinese legalists that said social harmony can be achieved through strict laws and rewards, and the Mohists that said it could be achieved through love among people, Confucius believed that social harmony can be achieved by emphasizing sacred rites and education because if everyone learns the humanistic values, they can act according to what they learned, nd then make rational decisions. A person needs to learn these values in order to become a gentleman. He also needs to know his place in the family and the society, and perform the required duties to keep a positive relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism as a Philosophical System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The recognition of the relation is the key point because that is what will lead to the right behavior toward the relationship. An accomplished person needs to be able to understand the use of language meaning that he needs to know how to use language wisely and correctly. (lecture, Oct 2) The phrase from Confuciuss Analects: The master said, When you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self shows that Confucius believed in learning from others (Analects, 166). He believed in learning the good points from others and if you find something bad in others, you can find that in yourself and correct it to become an accomplished person with moral values and humanity (Analects, 167). Practicing arts and culture (Wen) such as music can also help to bring harmony to thoughts by appreciating those traditions (lecture, Oct 7). These are the processes that a person needs to go over in order to become an ideal person and achieve social harmony. According to Daoism an ideal person has three key ideas: Dao, Wu-Wei, and Ziran. An ideal person is the one who does things according to the way they are naturally done (Dao), acts without agenda (Wu-Wei) by working with the natural processes, and be the own self (Ziran) are similar but the only difference is that in wu-wei there is no action involved, you let things happen by themselves, and in ziran you are actually acting naturally. (lecture, Oct 7) The goal of Daoism is to be in harmony with the nature. To be in harmony with Qi, a balance of Yin and Yang is needed. Qi is the generating force that is in every living thing that connects them to universe. Yin and Yang are the opposite forces of each other that create a rhythm when they interplay, but one cannot exist without the other. So if one has Yin but not Yang, harmony will not be achieved because Qi is not generated. The goal should be to harmonize ones own qi with the qi of universe. And a balance is needed between yin and yang to achieve harmony. Practicing Taichi which is a form of physical exercise is also important for health in Daoism, and it helps to achieve harmony. Philosophers of Daoism such as Laozi and Zhuangzi are the competitors of Confucius, and following their teachings of Daoism can help a person to become an ideal person in terms of Daoism. (lecture, Oct 7) Confucianism and Daoism differ in many subjects. Both use the word Dao, but they have different meanings. Dao in Confucianism means the right way of performing human activity and moral activities that were performed by the people from past, that will help to bring harmony in the society (lecture, Oct. 7). While in Daoism it eans to make way according to the way things are naturally. De in Confucianism means when a person behaves with high moral standards by being truly what he is. While in Daoism it is the power of the things to be themselves when they make a way to the way things are naturally. (lecture, Oct 7) Both have their own sets of values. While Confucianism focuses more on developing moral values, Daoism focuses more on emphasis in naturalness of human being for becoming an ideal person (lecture, Oct 9). In Confucianism an ideal person needs to have a set of principles of what is right and wrong, and then act according to it. Daoism focuses more on acting without any principles and leaves everything on the nature. An ideal person according to Confucianism has a self that is social, and it respects the relations like a relation to parent, or sibling, or a friend, etc, and values social harmony. In Daoism the self of an ideal person is completely natural and is individual, but is in harmony with the nature. (lecture, Oct 9) Gentle man- a scholar Social harmony last paragraph De and Dao- compare and contrast in Junzi Translated as rites, propriety, ritual, or appropriate behavior Holy Rite. Appropriate behavior within the five constant relationships out of which society is built. parent-child husband-wife elder-younger sibling friend-friend Wen- The arts†specifically music, literature, song/poetry, painting† practiced by the chon tzu. The practice of wen brings harmony to thoughts and feelings by appreciating and renewing tradition Li- rites Chun Tzu- a man with highest ethical standards, prince. Ren Cen)- goodness, benevolence 5 realtionships Daoism Chi- Chinese word for vital or generative force that is a matter-energy throughout the universe and within each thing or person. The goal is to harmonize ones own qi with the qi of the universe. Yin and Yang: The Chinese name for two complementary but opposite forces in the the two in any given situation Balancing yin and yang is harmony. Connect it with chi and acupuncture (become an ideal person) wu wei- action through non action. The principle teaches that unnecessary action is usually not productive. Instead, it urges aligning one s inner self in harmony with the Tao, so that energy and activity will flow spontaneously and naturally. (how to become ideal person) The goal of Taoists is to attain harmony with the Tao. This attainment of harmony with the Tao is also seen as living in accord with nature. Taoism is profound in its naturalism. Nature is something that should not be exploited and abused, it should be befriended not conquered. The ideal man in Taoism is one who through the naturalness of his existence became self-sufficient and not dependent upon wealth or social realms. It was this way that true happiness could be found Ziran- self or auto- + being so Daoist term for the Way of Nature to be emulated by the Daoist sage: the spontaneity of acting naturally so that things automatically happen of hemselves. (ideal person) Being in harmony with Ying and yang, has qi, through the practice of Taichi, practicing Taichi brings you to harmony with nature, and thats the goal of Taoism. Question: In her book on Indian philosophy, Sue Hamilton argued that Indian philosophy generally has a soteriological or personally transformative purpose, meaning that philosophy is supposed to make the person a b etter person in some way. Apply that thesis to Chinese philosophy. In what sense do both Confucian and Daoist philosophies try to make people better or more sagely? Compare and contrast Confucianism and Daoism in terms of: (b) the process by which one can become such a person. Note: This is an exam, not a term paper. Therefore, to answer the question requires nothing other than material from assigned readings and lectures. No special research is needed. To cite those materials you can simply use the following system of notation: For articles, Just put authors last name plus page number in parentheses, for example: (Ames, 23) For material from lectures, Just state lecture plus date of the lecture as given on the title pages of the PowerPoint slides, for example (lecture, Aug 1) No need for bibliography at end. Please remember the plagiarism warning given on the syllabus. In submitting your paper, be sure each page is numbered with you name on it and that the pages are stapled together (not paper-clipped). That is the best way to ensure your pages are kept together and you can get full credit. Compare and Contrast De and Dao- compare and contrast in last paragraph Confucianism focuses more on developing moral values, while Daoism focuses more on emphasis on naturalness and spontaneity for becoming an ideal person. (Oct 9)

What We Know About Dinosaur Life Spans

What We Know About Dinosaur Life Spans The bleached skeleton of a hundred-million-year-old Deinonychus can tell us a lot about what this dinosaur ate, how it ran, and even how it interacted with others of its kind, but not much about how long it lived before dropping dead of old age. The fact is, estimating the lifespan of the average sauropod or tyrannosaur involves drawing upon numerous strands of evidence, including analogies with modern reptiles, birds and mammals, theories about dinosaur growth and metabolism, and (preferably) direct analysis of the pertinent fossilized dinosaur bones. Before anything else, of course, it helps to determine the cause of death of any given dinosaur. Given the locations of certain fossils, paleontologists can often figure out if the unlucky individuals were buried by avalanches, drowned in floods, or smothered by sandstorms; also, the presence of bite marks in solid bone is a good indication that the dinosaur was killed by predators (though it’s also possible that the corpse was scavenged after the dinosaur had died of natural causes, or that the dinosaur had recovered from a previously inflicted injury). If a specimen can be conclusively identified as a juvenile, then death by old age is ruled out, though not death by disease (and we still know very little about the diseases that afflicted dinosaurs). Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Analogy Part of the reason researchers are so interested in dinosaur lifespans is that modern-day reptiles are some of the longest-lived animals on the earth: giant tortoises can live for over 150 years, and even crocodiles and alligators can survive well into their sixties and seventies. Even more tantalizingly, some species of birds, which are the direct descendants of dinosaurs, also have long lifespans. Swans and turkey buzzards can live for over 100 years, and small parrots often outlive their human owners. With the exception of humans, who can live for over 100 years, mammals post relatively undistinguished numbers, about 70 years for an elephant and  40 years for a chimpanzee, and the longest-lived fish and amphibians top out at 50 or 60 years. One shouldnt rush to conclude that just because some of the relatives and descendants of dinosaurs regularly hit the century mark, dinosaurs must have had long life spans as well. Part of the reason a giant tortoise can live so long is that it has an extremely slow metabolism; its a matter of debate whether all dinosaurs were equally cold-blooded. Also, with some important exceptions (such as parrots), smaller animals tend to have shorter lifespans, so the average 25-pound Velociraptor might have been lucky to live beyond a decade or so. Conversely, larger creatures tend to have longer lifespans, but just because a Diplodocus was 10 times bigger than an elephant doesn’t necessarily mean it lived ten times (or even twice) as long. Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Metabolism The metabolism of dinosaurs is still a matter of ongoing dispute, but lately, some paleontologists have advanced a convincing argument that the largest herbivores, including sauropods, titanosaurs, and hadrosaurs, achieved homeothermy, that is, they warmed up slowly in the sun and cooled down equally slowly at night, maintaining a near-constant internal temperature. Since homeothermy is consistent with a cold-blooded metabolism, and since a fully warm-blooded (in the modern sense) Apatosaurus would have cooked itself from the inside out like a giant potato, a lifespan of 300 years seems within the realm of possibility for these dinosaurs. What about smaller dinosaurs? Here the arguments are murkier, and complicated by the fact that even small, warm-blooded animals (like parrots) can have long life spans. Most experts believe that the life spans of smaller herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs were directly proportional to their size, for example, the chicken-sized Compsognathus might have lived for five or 10 years, while a much bigger Allosaurus might have topped out at 50 or 60 years. However, if it can be conclusively proved that any given dinosaur was warm-blooded, cold-blooded, or something in between, these estimates would be subject to change. Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Bone Growth You might think that an analysis of actual dinosaur bones would help clear up the issue of how fast dinosaurs grew and how long they lived, but frustratingly, this isnt the case. As the biologist, R.E.H. Reid writes in The Complete Dinosaur, [bone] growth was often continuous, as in mammals and birds, but sometimes periodic, as in reptiles, with some dinosaurs following both styles in different parts of their skeletons. Also, to establish rates of bone growth, paleontologists need access to multiple specimens of the same dinosaur, at different growth stages, which is often an impossibility given the vagaries of the fossil record. What it all boils down to is this: some dinosaurs, such as the duck-billed Hypacrosaurus, grew at phenomenal rates, reaching adult sizes of a few tons in a mere dozen or so years (presumably, this accelerated rate of growth reduced the juveniles window of vulnerability to predators). The trouble is, everything we know about cold-blooded metabolism is inconsistent with this pace of growth, which may well mean that Hypacrosaurus in particular (and large, herbivorous dinosaurs in general) had a type of warm-blooded metabolism, and thus maximum life spans well below the 300 years ventured above. By the same token, other dinosaurs seem to have grown more like crocodiles and less like mammals, at a slow and steady pace, without the accelerated curve seen during infancy and adolescence. Sarcosuchus, the 15-ton crocodile better known as the SuperCroc, probably took about 35 or 40 years to reach adult size, and then continued growing slowly for as long as it lived. If sauropods followed this pattern, that would point to a cold-blooded metabolism, and their estimated life spans would once again edge up toward the multiple-century mark. So what can we conclude? Clearly, until we establish more details about the metabolism and growth rates of various species, any serious estimates of dinosaur lifespans have to be taken with a gigantic grain of prehistoric salt!

How does Marc Webb's (500) Days of Summer qualify as a new narrative Essay

How does Marc Webb's (500) Days of Summer qualify as a new narrative - Essay Example Pop culture references of the film greatly contribute to the overall feel of the movie as a New Narrative. The first observable feature of the film is the sequence of events. It does not follow the linear narrative as what other movies do. Although the characters could resemble a next door neighbor, their beliefs are likewise, not typical. Mostly in other movies with the same genre as (500) Days, it is the female characters who are seen to be in the depressive mood every time there is a break-up. On the contrary, Summer, the female lead character possesses a more masculine outlook about love, believing that there is no such thing as â€Å"true love† and is not interested in finding a boyfriend. In one of the scenes where Tom, Summer, and another character were having a conversation, he referred to Summer as â€Å"She’s a dude† (Webb). Tom, on the other hand, is a hopeless romantic. There was even a scene where the ecstatic feeling of Tom was portrayed in a way th at it involves the whole setting of the film. A series of dance routines and an appearance of a cartooned bird were used to serve as exaggeration elements to connote Tom’s happiness. A distinct characteristic of New Narrative is its emphasis on sex and emotions.

Child Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Marriage - Essay Example 1. The law in Yemen set the minimum age at one that is approved for marriage to be 15 years, but traditional customs more often than not continuously flout this law. However, the law was abolished in 1999 with the minimum age being set as at when the girl attains the puberty age 3. In the actual practice, it can be said that the law in Yemen allows women of any age to be able to wed, but it is forbidden to practice sex with them until they achieve the age where it is now suitable to do so 4. The law was later to be raised from the minimum age of marriage to be 18 years after a girl, Nujood Ali, 10 years of age, in April 2008 was able to be granted divorce successfully after being raped under the set circumstances 5. Much later in 2008, a council for maternal care and Childhood came up with the proposal for the minimum age to be defined at 18 years and was passed as laws in April 2009, but age was set at 17 years 6. However, inspired by Nujood Ali, Yemenis continued pushing for change with her involved in some of the rallies held. Some of these campaigns can even claim to have barred some early marriages in Yemen specifically in the State of Amran 1. This has been justified by clerics in Saudi Arabia with some even marrying off small girls who are at the age of 9 years, this being sanctioned even by law. The Saudi Arabian laws define the minimum marriage age to be as young as 8 years 2. Families take advantage of religion to condone and spread early marriages arranging for girls to be married in religious ceremonies, using the tactic of not registering officially them until the girl is of legal age. This practice disadvantages the girl, leaving her with no legal base to inherent, no alimony or support in case the husband was to pass away prematurely or divorce her 3. Middle East statistics regarding the child marriages are

Pablo Picassos Sculptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pablo Picassos Sculptures - Essay Example The essay "Pablo Picasso’s Sculptures" will describe the figure of Pablo Picasso not only as a painter but as a sculptor. There will be discussed "Head of a Woman", one of the first works of the artist. The bronze figure is indeed a masterpiece not because it just represents the surface, more than that it demonstrates the essence and the structure of a woman’s face. Solidity of the sculpture shows that Picasso intended not only to see the beauty of the world, but also to feel it by means of touching physically. The fractured texture of her face, gorge, and hair draws the parallel with human nature; it represents a metaphor for the way people usually experience other human beings. To my mind, the sculpture is about unsolved mystery of being close to a different person. I like the way the sculpture is transformed every time I move my own head, circle it, look closer at the head, or move away from it. I also like the contrast between the clearly showing up soft touches of the master and the sharp lines and contours of the woman’s face. It helps to create the illusion that the artist intends to look beneath the skin of the sculpture. However, it does not seem violent the way he does it. It is a well-known fact the sculpture Head of a Woman helped Pablo Picasso to see the essence of things in a new perspective and served as the basis of the development of Cubism. In fact, one can see with half an eye the connection with the earliest stage of this style of abstract art – Analytical Cubism.

Discovery in the Theories of Evolution

Discovery in the Theories of Evolution Prologue Throughout his childhood and adult life, Siddhartha Mukherjee, physician and author of The Gene: An Ultimate History, has been troubled by his family history of mental illnesses. His two uncles, Rajesh and Jagu, have suffered from mental illness, and so does his cousin Moni. If mental illness was genetic as recent studies showed, could he be a carrier as well and pass the illness to his two daughters? If his cousins mental illness was genetic, then why had this father and sister been spared? How much of the mental illness arose from nature (i.e., genes that predisposed to mental illness) versus nurture (environmental triggers such as upheaval, discord, and trauma)? Similar unresolved questions arose in his scientific work as a cancer biologist. Many forms of cancer arise from gene mutations that occur during a persons lifetime. Should we be concerned if we have a family history of such diseases? And could we pass these diseases to our children? Genetic engineering has advanced so much that we can treat some of these diseases by using gene therapies. Imagine that if technologies were available to change our genetic codes, resulting in altered identity or sexuality or behavior. Who would control such a technology, and who would ensure their safety for our society, our children, and ourselves? This chapter chronicles the fascinating history of discovery in the theories of evolutions and heredity from early Greek philosophers to the theories developed at the end of the 19th century. It also covers the history of eugenic movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key concepts covered: Darwins theory of evolution explains why species change. Mendels laws of heredity explain why species stayed the same. Eugenic movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were based on a faulty understanding of genetic science. They used phenotypes (physical or mental attributes) as genetic traits. Early Ideas about Heredity and Evolution Since the earliest times, human has recognized the influence of heredity and has applied its principles to improve crops and domestic animals. In around 530 BC, Pythagoras (570-495 BC), the Greek scholar, proposed one of the earliest theories to explain the similarity between parents and their children. The core of his theory was that male semen carried all the hereditary information. Once inside the womb, semen matured into a fetus via nourishment provided by the mother. A century after Pythagorass death, Aristotle (384-322 BC), A Greek philosopher, rejected the notion that heredity was carried solely in male semen. In around 350 BC, he proposed that male semen carried the instructions to build a child while female contributed the physical raw material for the fetus. The transmission of heredity was essentially the transmission of information. Aristotle was wrong in his partitioning of male and female contributions into message and material, but he had captured one of the essential truths about heredity. No new ideas were introduced in the next two millennia until the 18th century when the idea of preformation was introduced. Using microscopes, scientists imagined that they could see miniature replicas of humans inside human sperms. In 1809, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), a French biologist, introduced the inheritance of acquired characters as a model for evolution. According to Lamarck, organisms evolve due to two forces: (1) Simple organisms emerge and then evolve to become more complex; and (2) Organisms adapt to their environments by changing their characteristics. He believed giraffes developed long necks because, over many generations, they had to keep stretching their necks to reach higher foliage. Lamarckism fell from favor after August Weismann (1834-1914), a German embryologist, performed an experiment in 1883 showing that changes from use and disuse were not heritable. In that experiment, Weismann had cut off the tails of five generations of mice, then bred the mice to find out if the babies would be tailless. But the babies were all born with their tails intact, not even marginally shorter.

Comparing and Contrasting Relationships in Their Eyes Were Watching God

Comparing and Contrasting Relationships in Hurston’s Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the Suwanee In Their Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the Suwanee, Zora Neale Hurston creates two protagonists, Janie and Arvay, and depicts their rich relationships with Tea Cake and Jim, respectively. This brief paper compares these two women and their interaction with their husbands. Contrasting the similarities of these relationships helps underscore deeper themes that Hurston draws from two ostensibly different women. Tea Cake and Jim bear substantial resemblance to each other. They both carry a rather unsavory reputation around their towns, they both woo their new wives aggressively; they even take care of their women with occasional recourse to illegal improprieties such as liquor distilling and gambling (although they tend to spend their profits quite differently). Both men reduce to child-like behavior in key moments of affection with their wives; Tea Cake favors having his head in Janie’s lap, while Jim prefers his head resting on Arvay’s breast. Perhaps most crucially, both men exhibit communication and behavior that make their wives frantic with jealousy and fear. Jim, in his teasing of Arvay, and Tea Cake in his long absences, especially right after his marriage to Janie in Jacksonville, make their respective wives boil over with internal anguish. Janie and Arvay respond to their men in similar ways as well. Both women swing from extremes of doubt and distrust to passionate, all-encompassing love for their husbands. Moreover, both women reconfigure themselves to adjust to the man’s world, as when Janie moves to the Everglades with Tea Cake, and when Arvay goes out to sea with Jim on his fishing b... ...her silent thoughts and how they pulled her away from her love for Logan and Jody, now those same silent thoughts preserve Tea Cake for her in perpetuity. And in Seraph on the Suwanee, Jim’s departure allows Arvay to realize the chasm between her and her past, and in so doing, realize that her struggles portray a woman destined to be a caregiver. For both Janie and Arvay, inner turmoil is quelled into a role that reconciles both themselves and their relationship with their men. And, perhaps most remarkably, this idealization of their partners persists despite – indeed, is even enhanced by – the fact that both women see their former love interests, those who came before Tea Cake and Jim, as now standing on cracked or even shattered pedestals. Both Janie and Arvay in the end take comfort in their new-found roles and those men who best compel them to adopt these roles.